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Stylish LED Lights Arrays – Controlled by the Dual Transistor BC846S

A gentle revolution has entered our homes, offices and public places: LED lights have replaced almost everywhere the traditional incandescent bulbs. In terms of light quality and energy saving, LEDs offer several advantages. Conventional light sources convert only about five percent of the consumed energy into light, whereas LEDs are seven times more efficient in converting energy into light. They have a higher luminous intensity, providing a clearer and more luminous light. LEDs are highly energy-efficient, saving up to 90% electricity compared to incandescent lamps. Thus, they generate very little heat, reducing the risk of fire accidents. Furthermore, LEDs have a much longer service life, lasting up to 50,000 operating hours – saving costs and helping to reduce material use, energy consumption and finally waste.
LED arrays can be arranged in almost every kind of shape. Their driver circuit is built by few components only, an input rectifier, current limiting diode; PWM controller IC and just a switching transistor. The BC846S by Diotec Semiconductor is a dual NPN transistor in the fully lead-free SOT-363 case outline. It offers 100 mA of output current and 250 mW of total power dissipation. Enough to drive medium power LEDs used in array assemblies. The lead-free part is a plus for the environment and covers a rising demand in consumer applications.
Cook like a Pro – Surface Induction Ceramic Hob powered by S15KYD2

Induction hobs generate a high-frequent magnetic field which directly heats the magnetizable base of suitable cookware. This allows a very fast heating up and perfect control of cooking heat. One reason why more and more chefs change from gas stoves to induction cookers. When the power is turned off and the cooking pot or frying pan is removed, the ceramic surface is slightly warm, which is a beneficial outcome to prevent burn-in of overcooked food or when children are present in your private kitchen.
The S15KYD2 by Diotec Semiconductor is a 15 A / 800 V rectifier diode in D2PAK form. It is used as input rectifier of the control circuit generating the magnetic field. The part can be assembled fully automatic onto the PCB and offers a superior power dissipation capability due to its metal base plate. Its forward surge current rating of 250 A at 50 Hz / 10 ms pulses ensures reliable operation especially at frequent turning-on / turning-off cycles which are typical for cooking stoves.
Smart home controls save energy and simplify life

Smart home devices are entering our private homes but also offices, hotel rooms and public areas. They are not only for convenience, but play an increasing role when it comes to energy saving. Modern room thermostats for example adjust heating behaviour to suit occupants by using adaptive control functions. These thermostats are available as simple temperature regulators but also smart controls for automated heating and cooling. Devices are either stand-alone solutions controlled via an app or fully connected, professional installation bus systems based on standards like KNX.
Diotec's Linear Voltage Regulator LDI1117-3.3U is used in the power supply of the embedded microcontroller of such smart home devices. It offers a stable 3.3 V output with integrated current limiting and thermal overload protection. As such, reliable function is ensured over a long lifetime.
Not only heat control and air condition, but also lighting, window and door opening, shading and presence control are managed by smart home devices. Though the contribute of energy saving by each single control might be small, in a global view it will be an important amount of electricity saved and thus environment protected.
Innovation makes precision farming digital

The knowledge, gained from technical backgrounds in the automotive sector can be transformed into many new and interesting fields.
The Bavarian company "Digital Workbench GmbH" is working on agricultural technology with innovative know-how. They invented an autonomous machine with modular design, intelligent control and image processing technology, an all-terrain vehicle called "Tipard 350" with a self-contained platform for outdoor areas. It offers maximum agility, height adjustability depending on location and plant culture, all-wheel drive, automatic tilt compensation in both longitudinal and lateral directions, and the highest mobility despite a robust frame. The data can be sent online in real time to the farmer with exact soil samples. We, Diotec Semiconductors AG, are supporting this project with our products like ESD3Z5V0 ESD Protection Diodes for Digital Controls, voltage regulator and Power MOSFETS for the backbone of this robot, where it helps to navigate, to provide stable voltage and to drive the wheel hub motor.
Dynamic robot model made by Robotis and powered by Diotec Transistors

This excellent walking humanoid can move almost like a "live" human.
There are various sensors installed with programmed movements that you can control via the joystick, such as: Walking, posture change, demonstration movements, soccer movements and fighting movements. For each movement you have to press a certain "button". There is even a sensor that makes the robot move when you move in front of it. For example, if you clap your hands 10 times, the robot will do the same. The robot walks by itself and avoids obstacles. When the absolute distance sensor detects an obstacle, the robot stops and turns to the left until the obstacle is no longer detected. If it falls down while walking, it gets back up in the direction it was moving. The poses can be adjusted as well. All you have to do is turn off all the motors and then readjust the robot's pose. The presentation at electronica India was very successful, as visitors were amazed by the funny, agile movements.
Diotec's MMBT2222A and MMBT2907A Small Signal Transistors are installed in the robot's joints and control the DC motors for movement. For more instructions, you can check here:https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/edu/bioloid/premium/
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Now available in TO-247 with 3 or 4 leads, the SiC MOSFET

Diotec Semiconductor offers a new product which components are highly suitable for EV charging systems for electric vehicles, solar inverters, and telecom power supplies:
The SiC MOSFET in TO-247 with 3 or 4 Leads.
The specifications of this silicon carbide MOSFET are low switching losses, high voltage levels (1200 V), maximum 53 mΩ to 23 mΩ on-state resistance (RDSon), low gate charge (from -8 V to 22 V continuous gate-source-voltage (VGSS)) and more:
DIW120SIC023-AQ, DIW120SIC059-AQ, DIF120SIC053-AQ
Therefore, this package is suitable for all applications where high voltage levels are switched at very high frequency, like charging stations for motorbikes, cars, buses or trucks or solar inverters. Solar inverters convert the direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC), which is required for our home and workplace electricity supplies. EV chargers and telecom power supplies need the opposite, here AC is converted into DC for charging a battery. In either case, the inverter switches high voltage levels at very high frequencies.
Headset for an immersive acoustic gaming experience

A good gaming headset is important for online gaming, especially for eSports tournaments. Acoustically, it immerses you in a world where you feel like you are right in the middle of the action, while at the same time you are able to hear your opponents in the game clearly and without interference. The wireless gaming headphones come with two noise-canceling microphones and a USB port for charging. The setup can be adjusted with integrated controls like the microphone's mute, master volume, and mix ratio while you're having fun. The headset is compatible with all major consoles and PCs. When connected to a PC, the headphones have 3D sound quality, which improves your gaming experience.
Diotec’s Voltage Regulator LDI8119-05EN Series, with a fixed output voltage of 1.8 V to 5.0 V and an output current of 500 mA, provides an efficient and stable reference voltage to the circuit. It also comes with the EN-function, which can be turned on or off, helping to prolong battery life. With a typical quiescent current of 1.8µA, it reduces the power loss in run mode. This helps the overall system achieve better efficiency. Typical applications include all kinds of wireless, battery-powered devices such as gaming headsets, computer mice, keyboards, and more.
Perfect training with a smart watch

Whether you are training for a marathon or just want to improve your running times in general, a smart watch with integrated GPS sensor gives you precise information about your distance and pace during your workout. You just need to enter your height, weight, gender and age during configuration, and it calculates your calorie consumption. Some models even give you an accurate heart rate reading, showing you how fast, slow, or irregular your heartbeat is. Daily activity can be tracked on a suitable smartphone app; in addition, you can answer calls and send text messages. The perfect companion not only for runners, but also cyclists, hikers and climbers.
Such smart watch needs to be protected against electro static discharge (ESD) events caused by the user. Diotec Semiconductor's ESD protection diode ESD5Z3V3 in the tiny SOD-523 package is the perfect match for that. It offers 3.3 V stand-off voltage and is capable for ± 30 kV surges according to Human Body Model (HBM). As such, it safely protects the smart watch from static discharge on its terminals and prevents malfunction of the IC. Any other consumer electronics such as fitness bands, smartphones, tablets and e-readers can be protected as well by this part.
Did you know that there are semiconductor chips built into a football?

The sports and fitness industries have experienced a revolution thanks to semiconductor chips.
Sport and fitness are data-driven activities. This information will be analysed by technicians for further decision-making. Most of the strategic solutions in the modern sporting industry depend on electronic analytics. Football tracking technology has become popular in most games. The device has sensors that connect to and transmit all the necessary information from the ball. It provides information on the exact position of the ball on the pitch, the angle from the ground, and other data. E.g., we saw improvements on the field of play in the arena in late 2022 in Qatar, including the World Cup. This data collection is pertinent to the continual improvement of how the event runs and football itself.
It will be interesting to see what happens between now and the next World Cup. Diotec's bridge rectifier, the GBU12M, is used in the seat heating of the coach bench, nowadays modified car seats. This bridge rectifier comes in a slim GBU case outline and offers a sporty 12 A output rating. It features an unbeatable 270 A of forward surge current at 50 Hz/10 ms pulses. Reverse voltage is 1000 V at high tension; it manages to rectify any AC from the electric mains into DC with the heat resistor as the load. The current flow is trimmed by a MOSFET, driven by the temperature control, in order to keep the seat warm as desired. The GBU itself should not get too warm; therefore, it can be easily assembled onto a heat dissipator. The GBU12M is packed in trays, while its buddy, the GBU12M-T, is supplied in tubes, for easy automatic assembly.
Protection Diode Array ESDALC208: Safe Data Communication When Lightning Strikes

During hot summer weeks, thunderstorms with lightning strikes pose a considerable danger. In worst case they cause fire accidents; a bit less severe but anyway critical is the damage of electronic devices. Domestic Ethernet routers are regularly demolished after such events. This is not only annoying and time consuming to get replacements, but also causes unnecessary electronic waste. The protection diode array ESDALC208 contains eight ESD protection diodes, each two of it connected in series. It protects four data lines against excessive voltage caused by electrostatic discharge (ESD), e.g., during wiring. Overcurrents caused by lightning or electric fast transients (EFT) are steered to either a positive or negative reference voltage, limiting the overvoltage to maximum that value. Only two of these parts are sufficient to protect an eight-wire Ethernet line and its interfaces. The low junction capacitance of each diode of only 7 pF at 1 MHz allows for high data transmission rates.
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